The black death started when a shipment of food came in and it was infested with fleas that had the disease. The spread meant death for anyone in Europe who caught it. It was also known as the bubonic plague.
Certain tumors began to grow around the groin and in the armpits. As the tumors grew, they spread to more visible parts of the body. There were not many physicians left, and there was so little time for them to do anything that no proper medicine was created. People died three days after getting the disease, and the disease spread like wildfire. If I was a physician, I would take care of myself and just try to survive. There were too many people who got sick, and too little time to do anything about it.
If something like the black death was to occur now, we would all die.
Wednesday, June 8, 2011
exam #3
Greeks and Egyptians had very different ideas on what happens after you die. Greeks believe that all of the dead go into the Underworld with Hades. Egyptians however believe that there is a resurrection and that the soul lives on immortality.
The Greeks believe that as soon as a person dies, their spirit leaves their body in a puff of air. Relatives of the deceased conducted elaborate burial ceremonies. The body was dressed and put on display for relatives and friends to come and mourn. Then they were buried.
The Egyptians on the other hand emptied the body completely and put everything in jars. They believed that the soul was still with the body, so they painted the inside of the tombs with things the dead people once enjoyed so the soul would get to wander around and look at everything.
The Greeks believe that as soon as a person dies, their spirit leaves their body in a puff of air. Relatives of the deceased conducted elaborate burial ceremonies. The body was dressed and put on display for relatives and friends to come and mourn. Then they were buried.
The Egyptians on the other hand emptied the body completely and put everything in jars. They believed that the soul was still with the body, so they painted the inside of the tombs with things the dead people once enjoyed so the soul would get to wander around and look at everything.
exam #2
The agricultural revolution helped cities grow and progress. People were able to settle down, and more jobs became available. Farmers were able to grow certain crops which opened up trade between cities. Some people were still able to work as hunters, but animals became domesticated and began to live on farms where they were fed crops to fatten them up. New clothing was able to be made from different parts of the plants, and strong sturdy houses could be built. "It was only 10,000 years ago that humans began to put their knowledge to more intensive use. After the end of the last ice age, what had been experimentation flowered into the birth of true agriculture." Thanks to the agricultural revolution, we have cities to live in, and we are no longer hunter-gathering nomads.
View Agricultural Revolution in a larger map
BREAKING NEWS: Falling Apart at our Fingertips
Just yesterday, we found out that crops all over the world will no longer be able to grow on farms. People are in a panic trying to store up for the long years ahead. Cities will fall apart as people move out to begin hunting. Zoos have been broken into and the animals have all disappeared mysteriously. Animals are going to begin to go extinct because of the amount of people hunting them. Restaurants are going to go out of business and stores are going to crumble.
Trees will stop growing, therefore, this article will probably be one of the last printed. Pack your bags people, there's a long winter ahead.
View Agricultural Revolution in a larger map
BREAKING NEWS: Falling Apart at our Fingertips
Just yesterday, we found out that crops all over the world will no longer be able to grow on farms. People are in a panic trying to store up for the long years ahead. Cities will fall apart as people move out to begin hunting. Zoos have been broken into and the animals have all disappeared mysteriously. Animals are going to begin to go extinct because of the amount of people hunting them. Restaurants are going to go out of business and stores are going to crumble.
Trees will stop growing, therefore, this article will probably be one of the last printed. Pack your bags people, there's a long winter ahead.
exam #5
Is it fair to say the United States is the modern day equivalent of the Roman Empire?
The Roman Empire had its ups and downs, but they were nothing like the way the United States is today. Rome had bad leaders, but most of the leaders that came after were able to turn things around. The United States is deep in debt, and a long line of poor leadership will keep things the way they are for a long time. The Roman Empire was a strong nation, and the United States is getting far to many immigrants and people are getting laid off. The Roman Empire and the United States are alike in some ways, but they are too different for anyone to be able to say the United States is the modern day equivalent of the Roman Empire.
Good Roman leaders were able to pull the empire up after a long reign of terrible people, but the United States is too deep in dept and only digging deeper. On today's edition of The Daily Citizen, there is an article about how there is going to be $385K in repairs. Searcy, Arkansas would like to fix their cities sports complex. The fields are a mess, so they are going to spend all their money on fixing fields when they could do much more useful stuff with the money. Sports are important, but the money could be better spent elsewhere. This is how it is all over the US. O'Malley is trying to give money to the illegals in MD so they can go to college. There are so many better uses for taxpayer dollars that LEGAL citizens can use. The US is seriously messed up when it comes to money, and Rome did not have that many money problems.
The Roman Empire had many jobs for people, the United States does not. President Obama was in the news this morning because he is concerned over slow job growth. "He tried to reassure Americans worried about high unemployment and expensive gas that the nation is on a slow, if not steady, road to recovery" (President expresses concern over slow job growth). People are getting laid off for jobs, and many people who are legal US citizens are fighting to get new jobs from illegal citizens. If this is going to improve anytime soon, that would be wonderful, but it probably won't happen. Schools and government businesses are not getting enough money to be able to pay for some people to work there, so they ended up laying off people. The people of the Roman Empire had jobs, unlike many families in the United States today.
People have also changed since Roman times. Education has changed, there are more schools and more topics to learn about. Drugs and abuse have become a major issue that probably was not as common back in Ancient Roman times. "The rapes were violent. They were brutal" (Witness calls abuse tapes violent, brutal). The world today is an awful violent world. Not all people are bad of course, but the world as a whole is getting worse. Nothing can stop it. The Romans were a better, more well-rounded group of people.
The United States could never be considered the equivalent of the Roman Empire. Today, people are struggling with money. Poor leadership is causing people to lose jobs. People are smoking, drinking, and abusing kids. The US is to different from the Roman Empire to be considered the modern one.
Works Cited
"President expresses concern over slow job growth."Opelika-Auburn News 8 June 2011: 1. Newseum. Web. 8 June 2011.
"Panel requests $385K for repairs." The Daily Citizen[Searcy] 11 June 2008: n. pag.Newseum. Web. 8 June 2011.
"Witness calls abuse tapes violent, brutal." Delaware State News [Dover] 11 June 2008: n. pag. Newseum. Web. 11 June 2008.
The Roman Empire had its ups and downs, but they were nothing like the way the United States is today. Rome had bad leaders, but most of the leaders that came after were able to turn things around. The United States is deep in debt, and a long line of poor leadership will keep things the way they are for a long time. The Roman Empire was a strong nation, and the United States is getting far to many immigrants and people are getting laid off. The Roman Empire and the United States are alike in some ways, but they are too different for anyone to be able to say the United States is the modern day equivalent of the Roman Empire.
Good Roman leaders were able to pull the empire up after a long reign of terrible people, but the United States is too deep in dept and only digging deeper. On today's edition of The Daily Citizen, there is an article about how there is going to be $385K in repairs. Searcy, Arkansas would like to fix their cities sports complex. The fields are a mess, so they are going to spend all their money on fixing fields when they could do much more useful stuff with the money. Sports are important, but the money could be better spent elsewhere. This is how it is all over the US. O'Malley is trying to give money to the illegals in MD so they can go to college. There are so many better uses for taxpayer dollars that LEGAL citizens can use. The US is seriously messed up when it comes to money, and Rome did not have that many money problems.
The Roman Empire had many jobs for people, the United States does not. President Obama was in the news this morning because he is concerned over slow job growth. "He tried to reassure Americans worried about high unemployment and expensive gas that the nation is on a slow, if not steady, road to recovery" (President expresses concern over slow job growth). People are getting laid off for jobs, and many people who are legal US citizens are fighting to get new jobs from illegal citizens. If this is going to improve anytime soon, that would be wonderful, but it probably won't happen. Schools and government businesses are not getting enough money to be able to pay for some people to work there, so they ended up laying off people. The people of the Roman Empire had jobs, unlike many families in the United States today.
People have also changed since Roman times. Education has changed, there are more schools and more topics to learn about. Drugs and abuse have become a major issue that probably was not as common back in Ancient Roman times. "The rapes were violent. They were brutal" (Witness calls abuse tapes violent, brutal). The world today is an awful violent world. Not all people are bad of course, but the world as a whole is getting worse. Nothing can stop it. The Romans were a better, more well-rounded group of people.
The United States could never be considered the equivalent of the Roman Empire. Today, people are struggling with money. Poor leadership is causing people to lose jobs. People are smoking, drinking, and abusing kids. The US is to different from the Roman Empire to be considered the modern one.
Works Cited
"President expresses concern over slow job growth."Opelika-Auburn News 8 June 2011: 1. Newseum. Web. 8 June 2011.
"Panel requests $385K for repairs." The Daily Citizen[Searcy] 11 June 2008: n. pag.Newseum. Web. 8 June 2011.
"Witness calls abuse tapes violent, brutal." Delaware State News [Dover] 11 June 2008: n. pag. Newseum. Web. 11 June 2008.
exam #10
I honestly enjoyed this class. I learned how to use the computer to find good sources, and my writing has improved greatly. Even though the exams make me want to cry, your teaching was one of the main reasons why I wanted to move up to AP Euro. I have learned so much about myself that I never knew, and I am really glad I took this class. I used sources that I know I will be using in the future, and I want to thank you. NARWHALS! :)
exam #9
The main Renaissance man was William Shakespeare. His writings still impact us today. His plays are still performed, and he used beautiful language that we scarcely use anymore. Many of the things that were in his plays relate to us today. His influence with the Globe theater also changed the ways the plays were done.
William Shakespeare was brilliant. He spent a lot of time on making his plays great. Even though some of the language in his plays is difficult to understand, the main themes are things that people today can relate too. Without him, writing plays and the theater would not be the same.
William Shakespeare was brilliant. He spent a lot of time on making his plays great. Even though some of the language in his plays is difficult to understand, the main themes are things that people today can relate too. Without him, writing plays and the theater would not be the same.
exam #8
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| Figure 1. Church of Bredons in Murat. (n.d.). Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved April 27, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File |
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| Figure 2. Gothic Altar from Veit. (n.d.).Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved April 27, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File |
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| Figure 3 Cathedral St. Michael. (n.d.).Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved April 27, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saints-Michel-et-Gudule_Luc_Viatour.jpg |
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| Figure 4 Notre-Dame Cathedral. (n.d.).Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved April 27, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File |
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| Figure 5 Augsburg Cathedral. (n.d.).Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved April 27, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Augsburg-Dom_12.jpg |
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| Figure 6 Cathedral Notre-Dame de Reims. (n.d.). Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved April 27, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Romanesque and Gothic are two architectural revolutions that occurred in most of the world. The altars were used for the same purpose, but they were so very different. The outsides looked similar, but the Gothic was so much more open with large and beautiful windows. The insides had two entirely different purposes. The Romanesque was small and dark, and it was made to be a safe haven for God's people. The Gothic cathedral was open, letting God's light shine in for all to see. |
exam #6
http://richardscrusade.wikispaces.com/
me and kirsten kyburz
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
My name is Saladin, and I would like to inform you about how awful the Third Crusade was! All I did was go into Jerusalem and take back what was rightfully mine. Anyway, I let the Christians live. Not many people would have done that. Richard went on the rampage and started killing my people because I let his people live. How does that make any sense?
I think we should have just left things the way they were, with Muslims and Christians living peacefully there. Sadly, you don't always get what you want, and I didn't get what I wanted. Maybe things would have been different if Richard met me. But we will never know.
Thanks for listening,
Saladin
me and kirsten kyburz
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
My name is Saladin, and I would like to inform you about how awful the Third Crusade was! All I did was go into Jerusalem and take back what was rightfully mine. Anyway, I let the Christians live. Not many people would have done that. Richard went on the rampage and started killing my people because I let his people live. How does that make any sense?
I think we should have just left things the way they were, with Muslims and Christians living peacefully there. Sadly, you don't always get what you want, and I didn't get what I wanted. Maybe things would have been different if Richard met me. But we will never know.
Thanks for listening,
Saladin
exam #4
Herodotus had a lot of facts, but only used facts from the side that he was on.
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/04/opinion/04klitzman.html?ref=sept112001
This is entirely on the girl's side.
Thucydides had less information, but it was for both sides.
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/01/us/01gitmo.html?_r=1&ref=sept112001
He put general facts about what happened, but didn't pick his own side.
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/04/opinion/04klitzman.html?ref=sept112001
This is entirely on the girl's side.
Thucydides had less information, but it was for both sides.
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/01/us/01gitmo.html?_r=1&ref=sept112001
He put general facts about what happened, but didn't pick his own side.
exam #1
http://todaysmeet.com/jcwestcivfungroup
katherine flannigan, amanda spaeth, travis nelson, and erica lipford
katherine flannigan, amanda spaeth, travis nelson, and erica lipford
Thursday, May 26, 2011
Art
Period, Time. "Animals in Medieval Art | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: metmuseum.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 May 2011. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toa
Monday, May 23, 2011
Least Favorite Job
The job that I found the worst in medieval has to be the barber surgeon. I can't stand blood and guts, so that job was definitely the worst. The smell of the room after a surgery; I can't even begin to imagine it. I guess that doctors today would probably be fine with this job, but back then they had no idea what they were doing. Their materials weren't very clean, and the people who had surgeries had to be in a ton of pain through the whole thing. Even if they weren't in pain, the sound that the materials made was disgusting. They did many amputations which is nasty because they didn't have a lot of good bandages, and some people probably bled to death.
The other disgusting part of their job is they had to shove a tube up someone's butt. They thought that to get medicine into the stomach, it was easier to put it up through the butt. That is totally nasty. What I want to know is where people come up with these ideas. "Well Bob, I bet if you stick a tube up someone's butt, the medicine will get to them faster." Do we eat from our butt, no I don't think so, so why should they try and put medicine up someone's butt.
The way they got their supplies was pretty gross too. One of the supplies that was used to cure diseases was leeches. The leeches were said to remove the "bad blood" from the body. Women had to walk bare-legged into swamps and marshes, and when the leeches bit them, they took the leeches off and gave them to the doctors.
All in all, the whole medicine field was disgusting. The way they got the medicine, the way they put the medicine in, and the way they cut into people was just nasty. I would probably kill myself rather than do that job. After all, it would be good practice.
The other disgusting part of their job is they had to shove a tube up someone's butt. They thought that to get medicine into the stomach, it was easier to put it up through the butt. That is totally nasty. What I want to know is where people come up with these ideas. "Well Bob, I bet if you stick a tube up someone's butt, the medicine will get to them faster." Do we eat from our butt, no I don't think so, so why should they try and put medicine up someone's butt.
The way they got their supplies was pretty gross too. One of the supplies that was used to cure diseases was leeches. The leeches were said to remove the "bad blood" from the body. Women had to walk bare-legged into swamps and marshes, and when the leeches bit them, they took the leeches off and gave them to the doctors.
All in all, the whole medicine field was disgusting. The way they got the medicine, the way they put the medicine in, and the way they cut into people was just nasty. I would probably kill myself rather than do that job. After all, it would be good practice.
Friday, May 20, 2011
Amanda's freshman year
Well, Amanda's year went really well. She only tripped up the stairs once! She was in Peter Pan and her shoe fell off during one of the dance numbers. Amanda was also on the equestrian team and showed for the first time. She had a lot of fun doing it and even got a 1st! Amanda was also in How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying. Even though she was an extra in both of the shows, she had a lot of fun with her friends. She had a little too much fun in her West Civ class and wrote many humorous blogs for her homework. Most of the school read at least one of them, and many of her friends read them daily during class.
She is really good friends with everyone in her advisory, and she got very competitive during pictionary. Amanda also made a ton of new friends from other schools, even though she already knew most of the students. She had a lot of laughs with them at Italian Sensations and the rest of the Safeway plaza. Her brother got his license, and Amanda was highly entertained watching him try to back into parking places.
Amanda went on lots of field trips during the year. She went to New York to see How to Succeed starring DANIEL RADCLIFFE! When he spoke for the first time everyone in the audience gasped because he was talking right in front of them without a TV screen in between. She also just went to the Folger Shakespeare theater in DC to see a Shakespeare performance, but nothing could top the New York trip.
Did she also mention her dog was the star of the Wizard of Oz?!? Her dog Ruby was Toto in Conor Devoe's Wizard of Oz at school. Amanda got to go to all the practices, and she became friends with a lot of the cast. It was a student production directed, choreographed, and everything by Conor. It was truly amazing to see the whole thing come together.
The highlight of her year was when she found out her uncle got married without even telling his parents! Just kidding about the whole highlight of the year thing, she thought it sucked majorly. She will be going to his fake wedding in the beginning of the next school year.
She spent a lot of her time at home doing homework, but when she wasn't doing homework she was out with her neighbors. Amanda has a very close bond with all of her neighbors. The youngest one is around 3 years old and the oldest kid who she hangs out with is her brother who is 16. It is a pretty amazing thing to see the 14, 15, and 16 year olds running around with the 3,4, and 5 year olds. The older kids look out for the younger ones and coach them in all different kinds of neighborhood sports.
The most influential part of Amanda's year was when she started working at a therapeutic riding farm. She met a 23 year old named Danny, and as she got to know him, the happier she was. Danny's has probably seen every movie you can think of off the top of your head, and he knows it so well he can quote it all back to you. Helping Danny and the other kids gave Amanda a new perspective on how to treat kids with special needs.
Amanda had an amazing school year this year, and without all the homework, it would have been perfect. She learned a lot in all her classes, and even managed to make it through with a passing grade. She is so happy the year is over, but she will miss all her new friends. Amanda is thankful for a great year, and thankful to everyone who was a part of it.
She is really good friends with everyone in her advisory, and she got very competitive during pictionary. Amanda also made a ton of new friends from other schools, even though she already knew most of the students. She had a lot of laughs with them at Italian Sensations and the rest of the Safeway plaza. Her brother got his license, and Amanda was highly entertained watching him try to back into parking places.
Amanda went on lots of field trips during the year. She went to New York to see How to Succeed starring DANIEL RADCLIFFE! When he spoke for the first time everyone in the audience gasped because he was talking right in front of them without a TV screen in between. She also just went to the Folger Shakespeare theater in DC to see a Shakespeare performance, but nothing could top the New York trip.
Did she also mention her dog was the star of the Wizard of Oz?!? Her dog Ruby was Toto in Conor Devoe's Wizard of Oz at school. Amanda got to go to all the practices, and she became friends with a lot of the cast. It was a student production directed, choreographed, and everything by Conor. It was truly amazing to see the whole thing come together.
The highlight of her year was when she found out her uncle got married without even telling his parents! Just kidding about the whole highlight of the year thing, she thought it sucked majorly. She will be going to his fake wedding in the beginning of the next school year.
She spent a lot of her time at home doing homework, but when she wasn't doing homework she was out with her neighbors. Amanda has a very close bond with all of her neighbors. The youngest one is around 3 years old and the oldest kid who she hangs out with is her brother who is 16. It is a pretty amazing thing to see the 14, 15, and 16 year olds running around with the 3,4, and 5 year olds. The older kids look out for the younger ones and coach them in all different kinds of neighborhood sports.
The most influential part of Amanda's year was when she started working at a therapeutic riding farm. She met a 23 year old named Danny, and as she got to know him, the happier she was. Danny's has probably seen every movie you can think of off the top of your head, and he knows it so well he can quote it all back to you. Helping Danny and the other kids gave Amanda a new perspective on how to treat kids with special needs.
Amanda had an amazing school year this year, and without all the homework, it would have been perfect. She learned a lot in all her classes, and even managed to make it through with a passing grade. She is so happy the year is over, but she will miss all her new friends. Amanda is thankful for a great year, and thankful to everyone who was a part of it.
Friday, May 6, 2011
Weekly #8
Having an understanding of a topic itself is very important when trying to learn about a culture. Just memorizing information for one test is not enough understanding to truly get the different cultures and time periods. When trying to understand a topic, memorizing the textbook will not help anyone learn anything. While learning about the manuscripts and the art in the manuscripts, people learn about the culture of that time period.
One way learning about manuscripts teaches about the culture was in the language it was written in. "Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts are divided into a number of shelf classifications, including language and subject classifications MSS Dutch, Eng(lish), Fr(ench), Ger(man), Gr(eek), Ital(ian), Judaica, Lat(in), Port(uguese), Span(ish) and Syriac" (Digital Medieval Manuscripts at Houghton Library). The codex manuscript was used all over the world in more than ten different languages. Each culture had its own interpretation of the writings. The manuscripts were known worldwide from all different languages, races, and cultures. The cultures that used the manuscript were very diverse, and that is seen in the writing style as well.
One of the ways learning about codex manuscripts teaches about the culture was in the writing style. "We ordain that slaves, or tributaries, or inquilini shall remain with their lords. For, when, dismayed by a fear of Ioss, each landowner begins to drive away those who are unknown to him, the will to flight will not be with the slaves; for no one deserts his lord knowing that there is nowhere a refuge for him as a fugitive” (Codex Justinianus). Compared to language today, codex sounds much more sophisticated. The people must have been intelligent if they were going to write the manuscripts, and reading the language used they were. The writing of the books was very beautiful and neat. The writers must have been very literate to write in such amazing handwriting. The culture at the time was intelligent, and many people must have been well educated to be writing such incredible manuscripts.
The most obvious cultural connection is in the paintings and illumination in the book. When each culture created the manuscript, they depicted their own opinions of the writings (figure 1 &2). The differences in these depictions are based on the culture. The painters focused on what their people looked like and based the characters they painted on their own people. The people, the horses, and the decoration on the page looked different. Each culture depicted their own culture in the most creative ways.
Learning about the topic of codex manuscript communicates an understanding of the culture as well. The writing, language, and the pictures show how different each culture was. Each manuscript may have had the same writing, but their interpretations of them were very different. Without these manuscripts, we would have no way of knowing a large part of our history, the Gospels were even written in codex manuscript. Learning about the codex manuscript not only teaches about the manuscript, but it also has a much deeper meaning by teaching about the culture.
Appendix
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| Figure 1: Alwan Codex 2 Ethiopian Biblical Manuscript. (n.d.).Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved May 3, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A |
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| Figure 2: Miniatura dei Carmina. (n.d.).Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved May 3, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File Works Cited Houghton Library MSS Widener - Digital Medieval Manuscripts at Houghton Library - Harvard College Library. (n.d.).Harvard College Library. Retrieved May 3, 2011, from http://hcl.harvard.edu/libraries/houghton/collections/early_manuscripts/about.cfm#collection Medieval Sourcebook: Codex Justinianus: Return of Fugitive Slaves & Coloni, c. 530 [Xl.48.xii.]. (n.d.).FORDHAM.EDU. Retrieved May 3, 2011, from http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/codexXl-48-xii.html |
Tuesday, May 3, 2011
#9 draft
Having an understanding of a topic itself is very important when you are trying to learn about a culture. Just memorizing information for one test is not enough understanding to truly get the different cultures and time periods. When trying to understand a topic, memorizing the textbook will not help you learn anything. Understanding a topic, such as codex manuscripts, helps a person understand the culture too because while learning about the manuscripts and the art in the manuscripts, you learn about the culture of that time period. Being able to understand a topic has nothing to do with understanding the culture.
Another way learning about manuscripts teaches about the culture was in the language it was written in. "Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts is divided into a number of shelf classifications, including language and subject classifications MSS Dutch, Eng(lish), Fr(ench), Ger(man), Gr(eek), Ital(ian), Judaica, Lat(in), Port(uguese), Span(ish) and Syriac" (hcl.harvard.edu). The codex manuscript was used all over the world in more than ten different languages. Each culture had their own interpretation of the writings. The manuscripts were known worldwide from all different languages, races, and cultures. The cultures that used the manuscript were very diverse, and you can see that in the writing style as well.
One of the ways learning about codex manuscripts teaches about the culture was in the writing style. " We ordain that slaves, or tributaries, or inquilini shall remain with their lords. For, when, dismayed by a fear of Ioss, each landowner begins to drive away those who are unknown to him, the will to flight will not be with the slaves; for no one deserts his lord knowing that there is nowhere a refuge for him as a fugitive " (Codex Justinianus). Compared to language today, codex sounds much more sophisticated. The people must have been intelligent if they were going to write the manuscripts. Reading the language used, these people were definitely smart. The culture at the time was intelligent, and many people must have been well educated to be writing such incredible manuscripts.
The most obvious cultural connection is in the paintings and illumination in the book. When each culture created the manuscript, they depicted their own opinions of the writings (figure 1 &2). The differences in these depictions are based on the culture. The painters focused on what their people looked like and based the characters they painted on their own people. The people looked different, the horses looked different, and the decoration looked different. Each culture depicted their own culture in the most creative ways.
Learning about the topic of codex manuscript communicates an understanding of the culture as well. The writing, language, and the pictures, just show how different each culture was. Each manuscript may have had some of the same writing, but their interpretations of them were very different. Without these manuscripts, we would have no way of knowing a large part of our history, the Gospels were even written in codex manuscript. Learning about the codex manuscript not only teaches about the manuscript, but it also has a much deeper meaning by teaching about the culture .
Appendix
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| Figure 1: Alwan Codex 2 Ethiopian Biblical Manuscript. (n.d.).Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved May 3, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A |
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| Figure 2: Miniatura dei Carmina. (n.d.).Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved May 3, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File Works Cited Houghton Library MSS Widener - Digital Medieval Manuscripts at Houghton Library - Harvard College Library. (n.d.).Harvard College Library. Retrieved May 3, 2011, from http://hcl.harvard.edu/libraries/houghton/collections/early_manuscripts/about.cfm#collection Medieval Sourcebook: Codex Justinianus: Return of Fugitive Slaves & Coloni, c. 530 [Xl.48.xii.]. (n.d.).FORDHAM.EDU. Retrieved May 3, 2011, from http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/codexXl-48-xii.html |
Friday, April 29, 2011
Weekly #8 final
Romanesque art and architecture began in the end of the ninth century and lasted through the first half of the eleventh century. No single country came up with the idea of Romanesque art, the process was slow and took place in Italy, France, Germany, and Spain. Gothic art and architecture emerged and dominated western Europe from the middle of the twelfth century to the early fifteenth century. Gothic art began in the Île-de-France. These two arts were very different from each other in both look and in theology; Romanesque architecture focused on keeping God's people safe, and Gothic art was focused on letting God's light in.
Romanesque art styles focused on mosaic, gold work, ivory carving, textiles, and sculpture in wood and stone, (Figure 1). The altar was the most important place in the church and was often decorated with either a sculpture or a painting. These altar decorations were made of ivory, gold, or silver. Gothic art styles, however, preferred to use stone so they could better depict the facial expressions of their sculptures, (Figure 2). Many of these altars depicted scenes of the Judgment day. The architects thought was that, upon entering, the person's view should be focused on the altar. These two altars have the same purpose, but they have entirely different looks and meanings.
Gothic and Romanesque cathedrals had very different looks, both on the outside and on the inside. On the outside, Gothic cathedrals used flying buttresses to support the building, whereas Romanesque cathedrals had used thick walls to support the rib vaulting on the inside. The flying buttresses allowed the walls to become thinner and the ceiling was higher. Romanesque windows were small because the walls had to hold considerable weight. Gothic windows were large and numerous, and stained glass was popular then, (Figure 3). Romanesque buildings had quite a few problems before the building became thick walls made of stone, (Figure 4). Originally, the walls were made of wood, but because the cathedrals used candles as light, many of them burned down. That is why the architects began to use stone. Gothic buildings had some problems too. Not everyone approved of the lavishness of the buildings, and many people were disappointed that the money spent on the buildings was not spent on the poor and sick. Even though there was some controversy and building problems, the buildings were beautiful.
The insides of the cathedrals is where you really see the difference between the art. The Romanesque cathedral is dark and has a very low ceiling, (Figure 5). You can tell how heavy the building was by looking at the inside. The Gothic cathedral, on the other hand, is wide open and bright. The ceiling is high, and the stained glass windows really let the light in. The largest window of the Gothic cathedral is known as the rose window, (Figure 6). The window is said to be the eye to the sky letting God's light shine in. Artists painted wood panels on the insides of the buildings to create illuminations. The interiors of Romanesque churches were covered with plaster and then painted. Many were repainted in layers and layers of beautiful art. The wall paintings that we see today in Romanesque churches were uncovered by painstakingly removing all the layers of paint. The central doorway has the scene of the Last Judgment, and the door-jambs are carved with the Wise and Foolish Virgins, a popular sculpture of the time. The architecture of the different time periods were very different, Romanesque keeping the people safe, and Gothic letting God's light shine in.
Romanesque and Gothic are two architectural revolutions that occurred in most of the world. The altars were used for the same purpose, but they were so very different. The outsides looked similar, but the Gothic was so much more open with large and beautiful windows. The insides had two entirely different purposes. The Romanesque was small and dark, and it was made to be a safe haven for God's people. The Gothic cathedral was open, letting God's light shine in for all to see.
Appendix
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| Figure 1. Church of Bredons in Murat. (n.d.). Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved April 27, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File |
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| Figure 2. Gothic Altar from Veit. (n.d.).Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved April 27, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File |
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| Figure 3 Cathedral St. Michael. (n.d.).Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved April 27, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saints-Michel-et-Gudule_Luc_Viatour.jpg |
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| Figure 4 Notre-Dame Cathedral. (n.d.).Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved April 27, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File |
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| Figure 5 Augsburg Cathedral. (n.d.).Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved April 27, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Augsburg-Dom_12.jpg |
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| Figure 6 Cathedral Notre-Dame de Reims. (n.d.). Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved April 27, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: |
Wednesday, April 27, 2011
Weekly #8 rough draft
Romanesque art and architecture began in the end of the ninth century and lasted through the first half of the eleventh century. No single country came up with the idea of Romanesque art, the process was slow and took place in Italy, France, Germany, and Spain. Gothic art and architecture emerged and dominated western Europe from the middle of the twelfth century to the early fifteenth century. Gothic art began in the Île-de-France. These two arts were very different from each other in both look and in theology; Romanesque architecture focused more on keeping God's people safe, and Gothic art was focused on letting God's light in. Romanesque and Gothic arts did not have anything to do with theology, and there was not a difference between the two.
Romanesque art styles focused on book illumination, mosaic, intricate gold work, ivory carving, textiles, and sculpture in wood and stone. (Figure 1) The altar was the most important place in the church and was often decorated with either a sculpture or a painting. These altar decorations were made of ivory, gold, or silver. Gothic art styles, however, preferred to use stone so they could better depict the facial expressions of their sculptures. (Figure 2) Many of these altars depicted scenes of the Judgment day. The architects thought was that, upon entering, the person's view should be focused on the altar. These two altars have the same purpose, but they have entirely different looks and meanings.
Gothic and Romanesque cathedrals had very different looks, both on the outside and on the inside. On the outside, Gothic cathedrals used flying buttresses to support the building, whereas Romanesque cathedrals had used thick walls to support the rib vaulting on the inside. The flying buttresses allowed the walls to become thinner and the ceiling was higher. Romanesque windows were small because the walls had to hold considerable weight. Gothic windows were large and numerous, and stained glass was popular then. Figure 3 Romanesque buildings had quite a few problems before the building became thick walls made of stone. Figure 4 Originally, the walls were made of wood, but because the cathedrals used candles as light, many of them burned down. That is why the architects began to use stone. Gothic buildings had some problems too. Not everyone approved of the lavishness of the buildings, and many people were disappointed that the money spent on the buildings was not spent on the poor and sick. Even though there was some controversy and building problems, the buildings were beautiful.
The insides of the cathedrals is where you really see the difference between the art. The Romanesque cathedral is dark and has a very low ceiling. Figure 5 You can tell how heavy the building was by looking at the inside. The Gothic cathedral, on the other hand, is wide open and bright. The ceiling is high, and the stained glass windows really let the light in. The largest window of the Gothic cathedral is known as the rose window. Figure 6 The window is said to be the eye to the sky letting God's light shine in. Artists painted wood panels on the insides of the buildings to create illuminations. The interiors of Romanesque churches were covered with plaster and then painted. Many were repainted in layers and layers of beautiful art. The wall paintings that we see today in Romanesque churches were uncovered by painstakingly removing all the layers of paint. The central doorway has the scene of the Last Judgment, and the door-jambs are carved with the Wise and Foolish Virgins, a popular sculpture of the time. The architecture of the different time periods were very different, Romanesque keeping the people safe, and Gothic letting God's light shine in.
Romanesque and Gothic are two architectural revolutions that occurred in most of the world. The altars were used for the same purpose, but they were so very different. The outsides looked similar, but the Gothic was so much more open with large and beautiful windows. The insides had two entirely different purposes. The Romanesque was small and dark, and it was made to be a safe haven for God's people. The Gothic cathedral was open, letting God's light shine in for all to see.
Appendix
|
| Figure 1. Church of Bredons in Murat. (n.d.). Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved April 27, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File |
|
| Figure 2. Gothic Altar from Veit. (n.d.).Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved April 27, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File |
|
| Figure 3 Cathedral St. Michael. (n.d.).Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved April 27, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saints-Michel-et-Gudule_Luc_Viatour.jpg |
|
| Figure 4 Notre-Dame Cathedral. (n.d.).Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved April 27, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File |
|
| Figure 5 Augsburg Cathedral. (n.d.).Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved April 27, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Augsburg-Dom_12.jpg |
|
| Figure 6 Cathedral Notre-Dame de Reims. (n.d.). Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved April 27, 2011, from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: |
Friday, April 15, 2011
Weekly #7 (Did Rome Fall?)
After Theodosius died, he left the Roman Empire to his two sons. Honorius took the West, and Arcadius took the East. Neither of them were good emperors, but the split began the fall of Rome. With Barbarians pressing from all sides, Eastern and Western Rome were in trouble. Conflicts over Catholicism also led to Rome's end. In395, Rome began to decline with the death of Theodosius, Rome split in two, and eventually fell because of poor leadership, Christianity, and Barbarians.
The first two leaders to really start the fall of Rome were Honorius and Arcadius. "It didn't take long for the Germans and Goths to realize that the new young emperors were weak and so this was a good time to attack. Roman generals also saw this weakness and revolted," (Fall of Rome). Rome was being attacked from the inside and out. Constantine III was attacking Spain, but he was eventually killed. The Visigoths were attacking Italy because Honorius refused to give them gold. The Visigoths took over Rome and sacked the city. Because of the weakness in leadership, the Visigoths took control of Rome, and Rome began the long decent to its fall.
Christianity also played an important role in the fall of Rome. "A large portion of public and private wealth was consecrated to the specious demands of charity and devotion; and the soldiers' pay was lavished on the useless multitudes of both sexes, who could only plead the merits of abstinence and chastity," (Gibbon). The army became weak from the loss of payment, and they could not afford to pay for advancing the technology of their weapons. Rome soon lost tons of money to the Catholic Church's donation bin. Constantine's legalizing of Christianity only helped Rome fall faster. Now that Christians weren't being persecuted, people were much more willing to convert. The Catholic Church was gaining more and more money, which only caused the government become poor.
Barbarians, a group of people that the Romans would soon wish they had never encountered. "Cold, poverty, and a life of danger and fatigue, fortify the strength and courage of Barbarians," (Gibbon). Barbarians live peacefully among many different groups around the world, but Rome was very weak. When the Western Empire split into pieces, the barbarians quickly took control. The new pieces never became as strong as the Western Empire was, but they did flourish and develop over time. Without the barbarians, who knows what would have happened to the Western Empire, but the Barbarians definitely helped speed up the fall of Rome.
Thanks to the Barbarians, Christianity, and poor leadership, Rome became weak and fell. Christianity had more money in their donation bin than the Roman government had. The Western Empire broke apart and the Barbarians were happy to take control. The leadership was not strong enough to hold the empire together. Rome was once one of the biggest powers in the world, now it is broken and will never fully recover. The fall or Rome will forever be remembered as an important part of history.
Works Cited
Fall of Rome - History for Kids!. (n.d.). Kidipede - History for Kids - Homework Help for Middle School. Retrieved April 12, 2011, from http://www.historyforkids.org/learn
Gibbon, E. (n.d.). Medieval Sourcebook: Gibbon: The Fall of the Roman Empire .FORDHAM.EDU. Retrieved April 12, 2011, from http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/gibbon-fall.html
Tuesday, April 12, 2011
Weekly 7 Rough draft
After Theodosius died, he left the Roman Empire to his two sons. Honorius took the West, and Arcadius took the East. Neither of them were good emperors, but the split began the fall of Rome. With Barbarians pressing from all sides, Eastern and Western Rome were in trouble. Conflicts over Catholicism also led to Rome's end. In395, Rome began to decline with the death of Theodosius, Rome split in two, eventually fell, and was never the same again. When Rome split in two, it transformed into something new better.
The first two leaders to really start the fall of Rome were Honorius and Arcadius. "It didn't take long for the Germans and Goths to realize that the new young emperors were weak and so this was a good time to attack. Roman generals also saw this weakness and revolted," (Fall of Rome). Rome was being attacked from the inside and out. Constantine III was attacking Spain, but he was eventually killed. The Visigoths were attacking Italy because Honorius refused to give them gold. The Visigoths took over Rome and sacked the city. Because of the weakness in leadership, the Visigoths led Rome, and Rome began the long decent to its fall.
Christianity also played an important role in the fall of Rome. "A large portion of public and private wealth was consecrated to the specious demands of charity and devotion; and the soldiers' pay was lavished on the useless multitudes of both sexes, who could only plead the merits of abstinence and chastity," (Gibbon). The army became weak from the loss of payment, and they could not afford to pay for advancing weapons. Rome soon lost tons of money to the Catholic Church's donation bin. Constantine's legalizing of Christianity only helped Rome fall faster. Now that Christians weren't being persecuted, people were much more willing to convert. The Catholic Church was gaining more and more money, which only made the government more poor.
Barbarians, a group of people that the Romans would soon wish they had never encountered. "Cold, poverty, and a life of danger and fatigue, fortify the strength and courage of Barbarians," (Gibbon). Barbarians live peacefully among many different groups around the world, but Rome was very weak. When the Western Empire split into pieces, the barbarians quickly took control. The new pieces never became as strong as the Western Empire was, but they did flourish and develop over time. Without the barbarians, who knows what would have happened to the Western Empire.
Thanks to the Barbarians, Christianity, and poor leadership, Rome became weak and fell. Christianity had more money in their donation bin than the Roman government had. The Western Empire broke apart and the Barbarians were happy to take control. Rome was once one of the biggest powers in the world, now it is broken and will never fully recover. The fall or Rome will forever be remembered as an important part of history.
Fall of Rome - History for Kids!. (n.d.). Kidipede - History for Kids - Homework Help for Middle School. Retrieved April 12, 2011, from http://www.historyforkids.org/learn
Gibbon, E. (n.d.). Medieval Sourcebook: Gibbon: The Fall of the Roman Empire .FORDHAM.EDU. Retrieved April 12, 2011, from http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/gibbon-fall.html
Wednesday, April 6, 2011
Daily #33
Required Daily: How does Early Christian and Byzantine portraiture represent both a continuation of and a break from the past? Look up the Fayum Portraits and the Ravenna Portrait of Justinian as a starting point for your thinking.
The early portraiture continue things from the past because they all depict an event that happened. Most of the modern pictures today show an event happening. They both used the resources they had at that time, and they made art. I know a few artists, and they do what they do because they love it. I am sure most artists then loved what they did too. Like the mummy's have faces pictured on them, artists painted portraits of people.
The early portraiture break from the past in many ways too. People began to express themselves more in art, and they got more creative and spontaneous. Artists began to focus more on details around the face, where in ancient art the focus was more on just depicting the scene. The resources they used differ greatly from charcoal to paint. In some old cave drawings, it is hard to tell what the artist was drawing, but in these pictures, you can clearly see the detail in each person. This is when you could also begin to see differences in race. Whether someone is taller, darker, brown haired, etc, you can tell the difference between people. Looking at the cave drawings it is impossible to tell one person from the next. The ancient pictures were basically the people's way of telling their story. In the early portraiture, the story didn't need to be told, the faces just needed to be seen. We have writers to take care of telling the story, the portrait just backs up the story. There are so many things alike about the two and a lot of things that are different between the two arts, but they each have meaning and that is why they are so important for us even today.
The early portraiture continue things from the past because they all depict an event that happened. Most of the modern pictures today show an event happening. They both used the resources they had at that time, and they made art. I know a few artists, and they do what they do because they love it. I am sure most artists then loved what they did too. Like the mummy's have faces pictured on them, artists painted portraits of people.
The early portraiture break from the past in many ways too. People began to express themselves more in art, and they got more creative and spontaneous. Artists began to focus more on details around the face, where in ancient art the focus was more on just depicting the scene. The resources they used differ greatly from charcoal to paint. In some old cave drawings, it is hard to tell what the artist was drawing, but in these pictures, you can clearly see the detail in each person. This is when you could also begin to see differences in race. Whether someone is taller, darker, brown haired, etc, you can tell the difference between people. Looking at the cave drawings it is impossible to tell one person from the next. The ancient pictures were basically the people's way of telling their story. In the early portraiture, the story didn't need to be told, the faces just needed to be seen. We have writers to take care of telling the story, the portrait just backs up the story. There are so many things alike about the two and a lot of things that are different between the two arts, but they each have meaning and that is why they are so important for us even today.
Tuesday, April 5, 2011
Final Draft Seneca
Seneca was a friend and tutor to the emperor Nero. Nero began to suspect that Seneca was plotting against him, so he planned to kill Seneca. Nero sent Natalis to inform Seneca that he was going to die. Many people consider Seneca a great stoic in the face of death. Stoicism is the ability to endure pain and hardship while retaining the ability to control one's emotions; Seneca, at his death, was a perfect example of a stoic.
When Natalis was sent to Seneca, one of the men who was with Seneca noted that, "he saw no signs of fear, and perceived no sadness in his words or in his looks," (Tacitus). Seneca was completely calm in the face of death. Seneca himself said, "Who knew not Nero's cruelty? After a mother's and a brother's murder, nothing remains but to add the destruction of a guardian and a tutor," (Tacitus). Seneca knew what was coming, and he accepted it. He understood that if Nero was willing to kill his own kin, he would be willing to kill a friend. He was in total control of his emotions, and he didn't let anyone know what he was truly feeling.
Seneca was strongly supported by his wife in the whole ordeal. His wife loved him so much, she told him she would be willing to die with him. Seneca told her, "I have shown you ways of smoothing life; you prefer the glory of dying. I will not grudge you such a noble example. Let the fortitude of so courageous an end be alike in both of us, but let there be more in your decease to win fame,"(Tacitus). Even though he didn't really want her to die, he would let her make her own choices. He told her was a good life she could have without him, but, once again, he didn't let his emotions get the better of him.
Even while being tortured, Seneca remained emotionless. "Worn out by cruel anguish, afraid too that his sufferings might break his wife's spirit, and that, as he looked on her tortures, he might himself sink into irresolution, he persuaded her to retire into another chamber. Even at the last moment his eloquence failed him not,"(Tacitus). His wife meant a lot to him, and even though he was in a lot of pain, he focused on her. He didn't want her to see him in pain, so he protected her even while he was being tortured. Not many people would be thinking of their wife while they were being brutally tortured.
In conclusion, Seneca was a very strong man for doing what he did. He showed no worry, no fear, when he was told he was going to die. His love for his wife overcame the greatest pain he could endure. His stoicism remained up until his last breath. He endured pain and plenty of hardship during his final years, but he came through it all with no fear. Seneca was a great stoic and showed no emotion in the face of torture, and in the end, death.
Sources
Tacitus, Initials. (65 C.E). The death of seneca, 65 ce. Retrieved from http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/tacitus-ann15a.html
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